Tioned Not mentionedLeft hind limb Femoral artery of bilateral hind limbs Left limb(56) (52) (57)C57BL6 miceLimbPentobarbital 60 mgkg Not mentionedRight legNo certain TBHQ In Vitro pathway described Activation of adenosine receptors Bradykinin, -adrenergic receptors, and PKC signaling pathways(58)C57BL6 miceLimbLeft leg(38)B6129SF2J F2 miceHeartNot mentionedAt the starting of Remote trauma (abdominal incision) reperfusion and have termed this phenomenon remote preconditioning of trauma 4 cycles, five AZD1656 Activator minday At 20 min prior to ischemia (Acute rIPC 1 time, Delayed rIPC one time, Chronic rIPC 9 times9 days) three cycles, 10 min bilateral femoral artery three cycles, 30 sday 1 day 2 cycles, 15 min; three cycles, 5 minday for 1 day three cycles, 15 min day for 1 day At 0 min, ten min, or 30 min soon after reperfusion start In the beginning of reperfusion At three or 6 h after reperfusion At the beginning of reperfusion or three or six h following reperfusionCoronary artery(59)C57BL6 miceHeartPentobarbital 60 mgkgPentobarbital 60 mgkgFemoral arteryDownregulation of mTOR and enhanced autophagy signaling(60)SpragueDawley (SD) rats SD ratsMale, 30020 g Female, 25000 g Male, 29010 g Male, 27030 gBrain1.75 Isoflurane and maintained with 1 10 Chloral hydrate Pentobarbital 50 mgkg 5 Isoflurane and maintained with 1Not mentionedBilateral femoral artery LimbAKTGSK3-dependent autophagy Mostly attributed to hospitable milieu for engrafted cells By means of opening of KATP channels Protein synthesis inhibitor and nerve blocker eliminate the protective effect of speedy LRIP(48)HeartNot mentioned(49) Remote Ischemic ConditioningSD ratsBrain0.25 Bupivacaine hydrochloride 1 IsofluraneBilateral femoral artery Left limb(61)SD ratsBrain(26)(Continued)Frontiers in Neurology | www.frontiersin.org 5 February 2018 | Volume 9 | ArticleChen et al.TABLe 1 | Continued Animal Sex, age, body weight Male, 25080 g Male, 30020 g Male, 29050 g ischemic organ Brain Brain Skin flap reperfusion injury model Anesthetic utilized before ischemia 3.6 Chloral hydrate 10 Chloral hydrate Anesthetic used in the course of RiC Not pointed out Not described RiC protocolday when RiC was started In the starting of reperfusion In the beginning of reperfusion At the starting of reperfusion RiC organ Principal pathway investigated HIF1 AKT pathway Attenuation of oxidative pressure. For Group 1 and two, malondialdehyde content decrease, superoxide dismutase activity and flap survival prices greater than handle group. The effects of LRIP for Group 1 have been much better ReferenceSD rats SD rats SD rats3 cycles, 10 min day for 1 day three cycles, 10 min day for 1 day Group1:three cycles, five minday for 1 day; Group2:1 cycle, 15 minday for 1 dayProximal hind limbs of each rat Bilateral femoral artery Correct hind limb(62) (63) (64)Ketamine 80 mg Not pointed out kgSD rats SD ratsMale, 20050 g Male, 25080 gBrain Brain10 Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate 330 mgkg 3 Isoflurane and maintained with 1.5 Chloral Hydrate 300 mgkg 1.5.five Enflurane and maintained with sodium pentobarbital 30 mgkg ten Chloral hydrate 1.5 Halothane and maintained with 1.five 4 Enflurane and maintained with 2Not described Not mentioned3 cycles, 15 min day for 1 day 3 cycles, 5 minday for 1 day 4 cycles, 10 min day for 3 days 3 cycles, 5 minday for 1 day three cycles, ten min day for 6 daysImmediately right after 8 min Bilateral hind limbs PI3KAkt pathway of 4-VO At 0, 1, and three h after reperfusion Left femoral artery MyD88-TRAF6-P38 MAP-kinase pathway of neutrophils No precise pathway talked about Upregulating STAT3 and lowering apoptos.