ARTICLEPlasma HDL Reduces Nonesterified Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides Originating from Oxidized LDL: a Mechanism for Its Antioxidant AbilityMari Kotosai Sachiko Shimada Mai Kanda Namiko Matsuda Keiko Sekido Yoshibumi Shimizu Akira Tokumura Toshiyuki Nakamura Kaeko Murota Yoshichika Kawai Junji TeraoReceived: 13 December 2012 / Accepted: 15 February 2013 / Published on-line: 14 March 2013 The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at SpringerlinkAbstract The antioxidant house of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is thought to be involved in potential anti-atherogenic effects however the precise mechanism isn’t recognized. We aimed to reveal the contribution of HDL on the elimination of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) derived from oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Oxidized LDL ready by copper ion-induced oxidation contained nonesterified fatty acid hydroperoxides (FFA-OOH) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPtdCho), in addition to cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CE-OOH) and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PtdCho-OOH). A plateletactivating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) inhibitor suppressed formation of FFA-OOH and lysoPtdCho in oxidized LDL. Amongst LOOH species, FFA-OOH was preferentially lowered by incubating oxidized LDL with HDL. HDL exhibited selective FFA-OOH minimizing potential if it was mixed having a liposomal option containing FFAOOH, CE-OOH and PtdCho-OOH. Two-electron reduction with the hydroperoxy group towards the hydroxy group was confirmed by the formation of 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoicacid from 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid in HPLC analyses. This reducing effect was also found in apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1). FFA-OOH released from PtdChoOOH as a consequence of PAF-AH activity in oxidized LDL undergo two-electron reduction by the lowering capability of apoA1 in HDL. This preferential reduction of FFA-OOH may perhaps participate in the mechanism in the antioxidant home of HDL.Naringenin Autophagy Keywords HDL Nonesterified fatty acid hydroperoxides Atherosclerosis Oxidized LDL Apolipoprotein A-1 Platelet activating factor-acetyl hydrolase Abbreviations LOOH FFA-OOH CE-OOH PtdCho-OOH LNA-OOHLipid hydroperoxides Nonesterified fatty acid hydroperoxides Cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides Linoleic acid hydroperoxidesM.DK3 Purity & Documentation Kotosai S.PMID:24120168 Shimada M. Kanda N. Matsuda T. Nakamura K. Murota Y. Kawai J. Terao ( ) Division of Meals Science, Institute of Overall health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate College, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan e-mail: [email protected] K. Sekido Department of Nursing Education, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan Present Address: K. Sekido Keiko Kekido, Graduate School of Wellness Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 654-0142, JapanY. Shimizu A. Tokumura Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan Present Address: K. Murota Kaeko Murota, Division of Life Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan Present Address: Y. Kawai Laboratory of Meals and Biodynamics, Graduate College of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, JapanLipids (2013) 48:569PAF-AH apoA-1 PL-PtdCho DM-PtdCho lysoPtdCho 13-HPODE 13-HODE TMPDPlatelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase Apolipoprotein A-1 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphocholine Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-.