Lls is represented as the percentage of ROS production analyzed working with flow cytometry b Graph displaying mean fluorescence intensity. c Representative scatter plot from flow cytometry showing the population of viable (annexin V- PI-), early apoptotic (annexin V+ PI-), late apoptotic (annexin V+ PI+) and necrotic (annexin V- PI+) cells. d Graph showing total percentage of apoptotic cells analyzed by flow cytometry. p 0.05 and p 0.01 when when compared with the control groupphytoconstituents exhibited potent binding interaction with caspase-3 protein. As analyzed by AutoDock Vina, the binding energy of rutin (BE = – 9.1 kcal/mol) was identified to become reduce than the binding energy of quercetin (BE = – 7.six kcal/mol), which implies that the binding affinity of rutin with caspase-3 protein is greater than quercetin. These outcomes have been additional confirmed from evaluation applying iGEMDOCK v2.1, which showed consistent final results with each components. The result suggests that both ligands have different binding sites and hence possess distinctive binding energies towards caspase-3 protein.Discussion Cancer is actually a foremost wellness difficulty that affects millions of persons across the world. At present, chemotherapy is considered on the list of most productive cancer remedy methods. Though chemotherapy substantially improves the prognosis of cancer patients, but this approach isn’t free from unwanted effects. Chemotherapeutic drugs candamage regular, wholesome cells resulting in side effects like hair loss, anemia, sores, nerve, muscle too as kidney and fertility challenges [29]. To prevent side effects, most cancer sufferers adopt option therapy based on herbal medicines. Plant-based cancer therapy is regarded as a far better therapy option mainly because phytotherapeutic agents are organic, readily offered, simply assimilated within the physique, and have fewer unwanted effects and toxicity. Medicinal plants are well known for their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, also as their anticancer activities [9, 30]. The seeds of Ajwa dates are abundant in minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers, phenolic compounds, and unique flavonoids [17]. Evidence indicates that men and women with a higher intake of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds have reduced incidence of colorectal, prostate, lung, breast and ovarian cancer(s) [313]. Previous studies have shown that date palm seeds induce immunity in broiler chickens [34], trigger an increase inside the paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in hypercholesterolemic rats [35] and enhance the endogenous insulin secretion in typeKhan et al.Serum Albumin/ALB Protein web BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies(2022) 22:Page 11 ofFig.EGF, Mouse 7 Concentration dependent effects of PDSE around the MMP alterations in human MDA-MB-231 cells analyzed employing JC-1 dye by flow cytometry.PMID:28322188 a JC-1 fluorescent dyes can aggregate within the matrix of mitochondria and make red fluorescence. As MMP declines, JC-1 can not aggregate so JC-1 exists inside the matrix as a monomer, creating green fluorescence b Graph showing ratio of aggregate/monomer fluorescence within the cells. As the concentration of PDSE improved, the ratio declined. p 0.05, p 0.01 and p 0.001 as when compared with control group1 diabetic rats [36]. An earlier study has also identified that a mixture of black pepper and Ajwa seed extract normalizes glucose levels and liver enzymes aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats [37]. The therapeutic possible of PDSE has been investigated against DN.