ate [5]. Biotransformation employing microorganisms has positive aspects more than standard chemical synthesis resulting from its environmental acceptability, stereo- and regio-selectivity, and mild conditions [8]. It might be applied as an option to chemical synthesis for generation and optimization of lead compounds in drug discovery and development [9]. In addition, microorganisms possess the capability to mimic mammalian metabolism as their expression of FP Antagonist manufacturer enzymes that are homologous to phase I and II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes for example cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, aryl sulfotransferases, and glutathione S-transferases [102]. Licorice is one of the most well-known medicinal plants which has been employed as a remedy for cough, gastric ulcer, inflammation, abdominal discomfort, cardiovascular illnesses, and cancer considering the fact that ancient time [13]. The key constituent glycyrrhizin and its aglycone glycyrrhetinic acid are also used in modern day medicine. Around the other hand, the Caspase Activator drug phenolic constituents of licorice have been implicated in health-beneficial effects, specifically in stomach ulcers. It has been reported that the phenolic constituents of licorice have pharmacological effects for health [14]. Even so, tiny is identified around the biotransformation and cytotoxicity of these wellness advertising phenolic compounds. In this study, two licorice isoflavonoids licoisoflavanone (1) and glycyrrhisoflavone (2) have been isolated from licorice, and two licorice chalcones echinatin (three) and isobavachalconePublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed beneath the terms and situations with the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ four.0/).Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 10109. doi.org/10.3390/ijmsmdpi/journal/ijmsInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, x FOR PEER REVIEW2 ofInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22,2 ofIn this study, two licorice isoflavonoids licoisoflavanone (1) and glycyrrhisoflavone (two) have been isolated from licorice, and two licorice chalcones echinatin (3) and isobavachalcone (four) had been synthesized. To expand the diversity of phenolic compounds, 1 (four) have been synthesized. To expand the diversity of phenolic compounds, 1 have been topic were topic to biotransformation. Twelve new (5, 107 and 19) and five identified (eight, 9, to biotransformation. Twelve new (five, 107 and 19) and 5 recognized (eight, 9, 18, 20 and 18, 20 and 21) metabolites were identified and their structures have been characterized by spec21) metabolites have been identified and their structures had been characterized by spectroscopic troscopic approaches. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against strategies. Each of the compounds had been evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human human cancer cell lines A375P, A549 and MCF-7. cancer cell lines A375P, A549 and MCF-7. two. Outcomes and Discussion two. Results and Discussion two.1. Biotransformation of Two Isoflavonoids, Licoisoflavanone (1) and Glycyrrhisoflavone (two) two.1. Biotransformation of Two Isoflavonoids, Licoisoflavanone (1) and Glycyrrhisoflavone (two) with using a. KCCM 60332 A. niger niger KCCM 60332 Biotransformation licoisoflavanone (1) by the selected fungal strain niger KCCM Biotransformation of licoisoflavanone (1) by the selected fungal strain A.A. niger KCCM 60332produced one new hydroxylated metabolite 5. Biotransformation of glycyrrhi