E swellconsolidation behavior was determined as well as the hydraulic conductivity curve
E swellconsolidation behavior was determined together with the hydraulic conductivity curve (HCC) to assess volume changes below applied stresses. two. Geological Setting Saskatchewan resides on sedimentary rocks in the Cretaceous to the Tertiary. These rocks developed as a consequence of tectonic activity that resulted in the rising on the Rocky Mountains and down-warping in the Williston Basin [21,22]. MNITMT Epigenetic Reader Domain Physical weathering resulted in the accumulation of unsorted components inside the depression [23], whereas volcanic ash from eruptions in southwestern Montana deposited feldspar minerals inside the region [24]. For the duration of the late Cretaceous period, the Western Interior Seaway (east on the Rocky Mountains in the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean) was formed as a consequence of sea level rise [25]. Alternate sea level fluctuations brought on physical and chemical weathering of your mountains thereby increasing surficial materials at the same time as precipitating Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Cl- , CO3 2- , and SO4 2- as salts like carbonates [26]. Through the Tertiary period, rivers and channels originated from the Rocky Mountains and further deposited alluvial sediments [27]. Furthermore, the area skilled several periods of hot and dry climate in the Cretaceous to the Tertiary period [28,29]. This indicates that the basin facilitated the conversion of feldspars to clays because of marine environment, arid climate, and restrained leaching as well as deposition of calcites and dolomites [30]. The area underwent extensive reworking as a result of many glacial events all through the Quaternary period. Advancing ice sheets progressively scraped surficial supplies plus the retreating glacier deposited thick successions of clayey tills [2,31,32]. The present-day tills evolved inside the predominantly flat geomorphology and semi-arid climate immediately after the Wisconsinan 17,000 year BP via 11,000 years BP [33,34]. Based on stratigraphy and imply carbonate content material, regional clay till formations consist of the following [35]: (i) the Sutherland group (60 m thick) has a carbonate content material of 19 8 mL CO2 /g and comprises the Mennon, Dundurn, and Warman formations; and (ii) the Saskatoon group (80 m thick) features a carbonate content material of 34 ten mL CO2 /g and comprises Floral and Battleford formations.Geosciences 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEWGeosciences 2021, 11,three of3 ofhas a carbonate content material of 34 10 mL CO2/g and comprises Floral and Battleford formations. Figure presents the plasticity chart Nitrocefin Protocol created by Cassagrande [36] with common Figure 11presents the plasticity chart created by Cassagrande [36] with standard mineral ranges mineral ranges provided by Holtz and Kovacs [37]. The data reported by Sauer et al. [3] indiby Holtz and Kovacs [37]. The information reported by Sauer et al. [3] cated that most tills fall fall in the region designated as clay clay The The liquid limit indicated that most tills inside the area designated as lean lean (CL).(CL).liquid limit range for the Saskatoon group was was 22 to whereas that for for the Sutherland group 35 range for the Saskatoon group 22 to 40 ,40 , whereas thatthe Sutherland group waswas 35 to 52 . These data indicate that a low liquid limit is related with high carbonate to 52 . These data indicate that a low liquid limit is associated with higher carbonate concontent (and vice versa), because the quantity ofadsorbed water on clay surfaces is lowered tent (and vice versa), since the amount of adsorbed water surfaces is reduced by the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the carbonates. The behav.