Thalmol Soc U K 103:8488. 29. Rulli E, Biagioli E, Riva I, Gambirasio G, De Simone I, et al. Efficacy and Security of Trabeculectomy vs Nonpenetrating Surgical Procedures: A Systematic Evaluation and Meta-analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol 131:15731582. 30. Parrish R, Minckler D ��Late endophthalmitis”–filtering surgery time bomb Ophthalmology 103:11671168. 31. Pakravan M, Miraftabi A, Yazdani S, Koohestani N, Yaseri M Topical mitomycin-C versus subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil for management of bleb failure. Journal of ophthalmic & vision research 6:7886. 32. Khaw P, Grehn F, Hollo G, Overton B, Wilson R, et al. CAT-152 0102 Trabeculectomy Study Group et al. A phase III study of subconjunctival human anti-transforming growth factor beta monoclonal antibody to 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. prevent scarring after first-time trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 114:1822 1830. Heatley G, Kiland J, Faha B, Seeman J, Schlamp CL, et al. Gene therapy using p21WAF-1/Cip-1 to modulate wound healing after glaucoma trabeculectomy surgery in a primate model of ocular hypertension. Gene therapy 11:949955. Wang X, Crowston JG, White AJ, Zoellner H, Healey PR Interferonalpha and Interferon-gamma modulate Fas-mediated apoptosis in Mitomycin-C resistant Human Tenon’s Fibroblasts. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 14: 000 000. Nakamura-Shibasaki M, Ko J, Takenaka J, Chikama TI, Sonoda KH, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine expression in Tenon fibroblasts during scar formation after glaucoma filtration or implant surgery in rats. Cell biochemistry and function 31:482488. Choritz L, Grub J, Wegner M, Pfeiffer N, Thieme H Paclitaxel inhibits growth, migration and collagen production of human Tenon’s fibroblasts-potential use in drug-eluting glaucoma drainage devices. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 248:197206. 125-65-5 Kahook MY, Schuman JS, Noecker RJ Needle bleb revision of encapsulated filtering bleb with bevacizumab. Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging: the official journal of the International 22948146 Society for Imaging in the Eye 37:148150. Coote MA, Ruddle JB, Qin Q, Crowston JG Vascular changes after intra-bleb injection of bevacizumab. J Glaucoma 17:517518. Yu J, Kahook M, Schuman J Bevacizumab binding to human sclera post topical application. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:4815. 8 ~~ ~~ Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ systems. The pathogenic mechanisms that cause lupus are unclear; however, the immune balance between regulatory T or B MedChemExpress ��-Sitosterol ��-D-glucoside lymphocytes and effector T and B lymphocytes may be disturbed, contributing to the autoimmune injuries in SLE. Interleukin -10-producing regulatory B cells have recently been identified. These cells, which represent 1,3% of adult mouse spleen B cells, predominantly represent a subset of CD19+CD5+CD1dhigh B cells and function to negatively regulate immune responses. The absence or loss of Breg cells exacerbates disease symptoms in contact hypersensitivity, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, chronic colitis, and collagen-induced arthritis models. IL-10 is a key cytokine produced by Breg cells, and diminished disease severity was observed following administration of IL-10 in the NZM2410 mouse model of lupus, whereas more severe disease occurred in both MRL/lpr mice on a IL-10 KO background and in Breg cell-deficient NZB/W mice. The finding that transfer of IL-10-secreting CD21hiCD23hi B cells mitigates disease in MRL/ lpr mice further suggests that B cell-derived IL-10 limits disease activity. Altho.Thalmol Soc U K 103:8488. 29. Rulli E, Biagioli E, Riva I, Gambirasio G, De Simone I, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Trabeculectomy vs Nonpenetrating Surgical Procedures: A Systematic Assessment and Meta-analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol 131:15731582. 30. Parrish R, Minckler D ��Late endophthalmitis”–filtering surgery time bomb Ophthalmology 103:11671168. 31. Pakravan M, Miraftabi A, Yazdani S, Koohestani N, Yaseri M Topical mitomycin-C versus subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil for management of bleb failure. Journal of ophthalmic & vision research 6:7886. 32. Khaw P, Grehn F, Hollo G, Overton B, Wilson R, et al. CAT-152 0102 Trabeculectomy Study Group et al. A phase III study of subconjunctival human anti-transforming growth factor beta monoclonal antibody to 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. prevent scarring after first-time trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 114:1822 1830. Heatley G, Kiland J, Faha B, Seeman J, Schlamp CL, et al. Gene therapy using p21WAF-1/Cip-1 to modulate wound healing after glaucoma trabeculectomy surgery in a primate model of ocular hypertension. Gene therapy 11:949955. Wang X, Crowston JG, White AJ, Zoellner H, Healey PR Interferonalpha and Interferon-gamma modulate Fas-mediated apoptosis in Mitomycin-C resistant Human Tenon’s Fibroblasts. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 14: 000 000. Nakamura-Shibasaki M, Ko J, Takenaka J, Chikama TI, Sonoda KH, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine expression in Tenon fibroblasts during scar formation after glaucoma filtration or implant surgery in rats. Cell biochemistry and function 31:482488. Choritz L, Grub J, Wegner M, Pfeiffer N, Thieme H Paclitaxel inhibits growth, migration and collagen production of human Tenon’s fibroblasts-potential use in drug-eluting glaucoma drainage devices. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 248:197206. Kahook MY, Schuman JS, Noecker RJ Needle bleb revision of encapsulated filtering bleb with bevacizumab. Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging: the official journal of the International 22948146 Society for Imaging in the Eye 37:148150. Coote MA, Ruddle JB, Qin Q, Crowston JG Vascular changes after intra-bleb injection of bevacizumab. J Glaucoma 17:517518. Yu J, Kahook M, Schuman J Bevacizumab binding to human sclera post topical application. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:4815. 8 ~~ ~~ Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ systems. The pathogenic mechanisms that cause lupus are unclear; however, the immune balance between regulatory T or B lymphocytes and effector T and B lymphocytes may be disturbed, contributing to the autoimmune injuries in SLE. Interleukin -10-producing regulatory B cells have recently been identified. These cells, which represent 1,3% of adult mouse spleen B cells, predominantly represent a subset of CD19+CD5+CD1dhigh B cells and function to negatively regulate immune responses. The absence or loss of Breg cells exacerbates disease symptoms in contact hypersensitivity, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, chronic colitis, and collagen-induced arthritis models. IL-10 is a key cytokine produced by Breg cells, and diminished disease severity was observed following administration of IL-10 in the NZM2410 mouse model of lupus, whereas more severe disease occurred in both MRL/lpr mice on a IL-10 KO background and in Breg cell-deficient NZB/W mice. The finding that transfer of IL-10-secreting CD21hiCD23hi B cells mitigates disease in MRL/ lpr mice further suggests that B cell-derived IL-10 limits disease activity. Altho.